Hi,
Currently we do not have plans for updating the Beaglebone tutorial as most of the steps shown in the current tutorial should still apply to the current version. That said, if you could let us know what exactly you found confusing/outdated, we should be able to update the tutorial to ensure it does not misdirect other readers.
Regarding the program location, by default, VisualGDB will upload all the sources to the specified location on the Beaglebone (the default path is /tmp/VisualGDB/…) and build it there. Normally the built executable would be located in the <uploaded source directory>/Debug or <uploaded source directory>/VisualGDB/Debug folder.
You can find out the exact path by starting a debug session and opening the GDB Session window in the All GDB Interaction mode. The first line should show the GDB command used to start debugging; this command should contain the full path to the built executable.