Hi,
Sorry, the Advanced Mbed project subsystem relies on mbed itself to orchestrate the build and hence VisualGDB only allows changing the settings supported by the mbed-cli itself.
Based on a quick research, it looks like supporting floating point printf/scanf with mbed-cli requires a minor modification to the build scripts (see this Github issue). Please try applying it to the mbed copy used by your project and mbed-cli launched by VisualGDB should automatically pick up the updated build rules next time you build the project.